Financial Close Checklist Skill
Structured, repeatable month-end and quarter-end close for accounting teams. This skill guides Sam Ledger through generating close checklists, tracking task status, flagging exceptions, and producing close summary reports for controllers, CFOs, and auditors.
When to Use This Skill
Trigger phrases:
- - "Run month-end close"
- "Generate the close checklist for [month]"
- "What's left in the close?"
- "We need to close the books by Friday"
- "Tie out our AR sub-ledger"
- "Quarter-end close procedures"
- "Accelerate our close process"
- "How do I run a fast close?"
- "Close summary for the board"
NOT for:
- - Entering journal entries or transactions — use
qbo-automation for live QBO writes - Tax return preparation — use
tax-deadline-calendar and engage CPA - Payroll runs — separate payroll workflow, not a close step
- External audit fieldwork — close procedures feed audit prep, not replace it
- Real-time dashboards — use
kpi-alert-system for live monitoring
The Standard Close Checklist
PHASE 1: Transaction Cutoff (Days 1–2)
These steps ensure all activity belongs in the correct period.
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PHASE 2: Sub-Ledger Reconciliations (Days 2–3)
Each sub-ledger must tie to the GL before proceeding.
2a. Accounts Receivable
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AR Tie-Out Formula:
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2b. Accounts Payable
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2c. Bank Reconciliation
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Bank Rec Formula:
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PHASE 3: Accruals & Adjusting Entries (Day 3–4)
These are estimates for expenses incurred but not yet billed.
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Prepaid Amortization Tracker
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Depreciation Schedule
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PHASE 4: Financial Statement Review (Day 4–5)
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Variance Analysis Template
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PHASE 5: Close Lock & Sign-Off (Day 5)
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Close Templates by Entity Type
Small Business / SMB (5-day close target)
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Startup / SaaS Company (3-day fast close)
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Accounting Firm / Client Close (day-of close)
Hour 1: Pull all source data (bank, payroll, CC)
Hour 2: Post entries, run bank rec
Hour 3: Accrue + amortize + depreciate
Hour 4: Review FS, document exceptions
Hour 5: Deliver client package, lock period
Quarter-End Additional Steps
In addition to all monthly steps:
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Year-End Additional Steps
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Exception Handling Protocols
When AR Sub-Ledger Doesn't Tie to GL
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When Bank Rec Won't Balance
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Large Unexplained Variance (>15% MoM)
Trigger: Any P&L line item with >15% month-over-month change without explanation
Action:
1. Pull transaction detail for that GL account
2. Identify the specific transaction(s) driving the variance
3. Confirm correct coding (not misposted from another account)
4. If legitimate: document business reason in variance memo
5. If error: post correcting JE before close
Close Summary Report Format
Produce this report after each close:
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Close Duration Benchmarks
| Company Stage | Target Close Duration | Best Practice |
|---|
| Startup (< $1M ARR) | Same day | Automated bank feeds, cloud accounting |
| SMB ($1M–$10M) |
3–5 business days | Dedicated bookkeeper, clear cutoffs |
| Mid-market ($10M–$100M) | 5–7 business days | ERP system, close calendar |
| Enterprise ($100M+) | 10–15 business days | Dedicated close team, automated consolidation |
|
Target (any) |
Reduce by 30% YoY |
Process automation + checklist discipline |
Accelerating the Close: Quick Wins
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Integration Points
- -
qbo-automation — pull actuals from QuickBooks; post accruals and JEs programmatically budget-vs-actual — compare close results against plan; generate variance commentaryar-collections-agent — escalate high-risk AR items identified in close aging reviewkpi-alert-system — set alerts on close metrics (DSO, DPO, cash balance thresholds)report-generator — format close summary into client-ready PDF or board deckthirteen-week-cash-flow — feed actual month-end cash balance as input to 13-week forecasttax-deadline-calendar — trigger quarterly estimated tax tasks from close data
Example Usage
User: "It's March 31st — help me close February's books for a client. They're on QBO, about $180k/month revenue, 8 employees."
Sam's response:
Close Checklist — February 2026
Client: [Name] | System: QuickBooks Online | Revenue: ~$180k/mo
PHASE 1 — Transaction Cutoff (Today)
□ Confirm all customer payments through Feb 28 posted
□ Enter any bills received in February not yet in QBO
□ Download and match credit card transactions through Feb 28
□ Confirm payroll for Feb 1–28 pay dates is posted
PHASE 2 — Sub-Ledger Reconciliations (Today)
□ Run AR aging in QBO → does it match GL 1200 balance?
□ Run AP aging → does it match GL 2000 balance?
□ Download bank statement → run bank reconciliation
PHASE 3 — Accruals (Today/Tomorrow)
□ Accrue Feb 27-28 payroll (2 days unpaid)
□ Amortize prepaid expenses (pull your prepaid schedule)
□ Post February depreciation
PHASE 4 — Review (Tomorrow)
□ Compare Feb P&L to January — flag any line >15% change
□ Confirm Balance Sheet balances
□ Review cash balance vs. bank rec
PHASE 5 — Lock & Deliver
□ Lock February period in QBO
□ Export TB, P&L, BS, Cash Flow
□ Prepare close summary → send to client
Estimated time: 4-6 hours for clean books.
Want me to start with the bank rec or the AR aging tie-out?
Reference: Close Calendar Template
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财务结账清单技能
为会计团队提供结构化、可重复执行的月末和季末结账流程。该技能指导Sam Ledger生成结账清单、跟踪任务状态、标记异常情况,并为财务总监、首席财务官和审计师生成结账总结报告。
何时使用该技能
触发短语:
- - 执行月末结账
- 生成[月份]的结账清单
- 结账还剩什么?
- 我们需要在周五前完成结账
- 核对我们的应收账款子分类账
- 季末结账流程
- 加快我们的结账流程
- 如何快速结账?
- 为董事会准备结账总结
不适用于:
- - 录入日记账分录或交易——使用qbo-automation进行实时QBO写入
- 税务申报准备——使用tax-deadline-calendar并联系注册会计师
- 工资核算——独立的工资工作流程,非结账步骤
- 外部审计现场工作——结账流程为审计准备提供支持,而非替代
- 实时仪表板——使用kpi-alert-system进行实时监控
标准结账清单
第一阶段:交易截止(第1-2天)
这些步骤确保所有活动归属于正确的会计期间。
□ 1.1 录入截至月末最后一天的所有现金收款
□ 1.2 记录截至月末收到的所有供应商账单/发票
□ 1.3 确认信用卡交易已下载并编码
□ 1.4 录入截至期间最后一个发薪日的工资
□ 1.5 记录期间内发起的任何电汇或ACH付款
□ 1.6 确认销售/收入确认截止(已开票与已发货)
□ 1.7 识别任何归属期间错误的交易→录入更正分录
第二阶段:子分类账对账(第2-3天)
每个子分类账在继续前必须与总账核对一致。
2a. 应收账款
□ 2.1 运行应收账款账龄报告
□ 2.2 确认应收账款子分类账总额 = 总账应收账款余额
□ 2.3 识别超过90天的发票→标记为催收或坏账准备
□ 2.4 如需调整准备金,录入坏账费用
□ 2.5 清理任何未分配的客户付款
□ 2.6 确认预收款项的递延收入余额
应收账款核对公式:
总账应收账款余额 = 子分类账总额
若差异 > $0:调查未结贷项、未分配付款、时间性分录
2b. 应付账款
□ 2.7 运行应付账款账龄报告
□ 2.8 确认应付账款子分类账总额 = 总账应付账款余额
□ 2.9 审核10天内到期的账单→安排付款
□ 2.10 识别重复账单或未使用的贷项
□ 2.11 计提已收到但尚未录入的发票(已收货物/服务)
2c. 银行对账
□ 2.12 下载截至月末的银行对账单
□ 2.13 将账面余额与银行对账单余额进行核对
□ 2.14 列出未兑现支票(已开出但未清算)
□ 2.15 列出在途存款(已入账但银行未清算)
□ 2.16 识别银行费用并录入总账
□ 2.17 确认对账后余额 = 总账现金余额
银行对账公式:
银行对账单余额
+ 在途存款
= 调整后银行余额
必须等于:
总账现金余额
+ 任何时间性日记账分录
= 调整后账面余额
第三阶段:应计项目与调整分录(第3-4天)
这些是对已发生但尚未开票的费用的估计。
□ 3.1 计提已工作但尚未支付的工资
□ 3.2 对应计工资计提雇主工资税
□ 3.3 计提任何已知但尚未收到的供应商发票
□ 3.4 计提未偿债务的利息费用
□ 3.5 记录预付费用摊销(保险、租金、订阅)
□ 3.6 记录递延收入确认(预付款项中已赚取部分)
□ 3.7 录入固定资产和无形资产的折旧/摊销
□ 3.8 记录任何存货调整(如适用)
□ 3.9 录入错误过账交易的重分类分录
预付摊销跟踪表
资产 | 总成本 | 开始日期 | 月数 | 月摊销额 | 剩余金额
----------------|-----------|------------|------|----------|----------
董事责任险 | $24,000 | 2026年1月1日 | 12 | $2,000 | $18,000
AWS年度计划 | $6,000 | 2026年3月1日 | 12 | $500 | $5,500
办公室租赁 | $3,600 | 2026年1月1日 | 12 | $300 | $2,700
折旧表
资产 | 成本 | 使用年限 | 方法 | 月折旧额 | 累计折旧
----------------|----------|----------|--------|----------|----------
MacBook Pro x3 | $9,000 | 3年 | 直线法 | $250 | $1,500
服务器机架 | $15,000 | 5年 | 直线法 | $250 | $750
第四阶段:财务报表审核(第4-5天)
□ 4.1 生成试算平衡表——审核异常余额
□ 4.2 将损益表与上月比较(标记任何项目变动超过15%)
□ 4.3 将损益表与预算/预测比较——记录重大差异
□ 4.4 验证资产负债表平衡(资产 = 负债 + 权益)
□ 4.5 审核现金流量表——确认净变动与现金账户变动一致
□ 4.6 确认所有内部往来抵消(如为多实体)
□ 4.7 审核权益变动表(期初 + 净利润 - 分配 = 期末)
□ 4.8 确认没有账户出现意外的零或负余额
差异分析模板
账户 | 上月 | 本月 | 金额变动 | 百分比变动 | 说明
----------------|----------|----------|----------|------------|-------------
收入 | $85,000 | $92,000 | +$7,000 | +8.2% | 新客户X
工资 | $42,000 | $48,000 | +$6,000 | +14.3% | 3月1日新员工
软件订阅 | $3,200 | $5,100 | +$1,900 | +59.4% | ← 需调查
第五阶段:结账锁定与签批(第5天)
□ 5.1 在会计系统中锁定期间(防止回溯)
□ 5.2 导出最终试算平衡表、损益表、资产负债表、现金流量表
□ 5.3 保存至结账文件夹:/close/YYYY-MM/
□ 5.4 获得财务总监/首席财务官签批
□ 5.5 向利益相关方分发财务资料包
□ 5.6 记录结账完成日期和时长,用于流程改进跟踪
□ 5.7 记录下月任何未结项目/结转项目
按实体类型的结账模板
小型企业/中小企业(5天结账目标)
第1天:交易截止,下载银行对账单
第2天:银行对账,应收账款/应付账款子分类账核对
第3天:应计项目,预付摊销,折旧
第4天:试算平衡表审核,差异分析
第5天:财务报表审核,锁定期间,分发资料包
初创公司/SaaS公司(3天快速结账)
第1天上午:交易截止 + 银行对账
第1天下午:应收账款/应付账款核对 + 递延收入表
第2天上午:应计项目 + 股权激励费用分录
第2天下午:试算平衡表 + 损益表与预算差异
第3天: 财务报表审核 + 董事会资料包准备 + 锁定
会计事务所/客户结账(当天结账)
第1小时:提取所有源数据(银行、工资、信用卡)
第2小时:录入分录,运行银行对账
第3小时:应计 + 摊销 + 折旧
第4小时:审核财务报表,记录异常
第5小时:交付客户资料包,锁定期间
季末额外步骤
除所有月度步骤外:
□ Q1 对所有资产负债表账户进行对账