LaTeX文档编写

Special Characters

• - Reserved chars need escape: INLINECODE0
• Tilde as character: \textasciitilde not \~ (that's an accent)
• Caret: \textasciicircum not INLINECODE4
• Backslash in text: \textbackslash not \\ (that's line break)

Quotes & Dashes

• - Opening quotes: `` ` not "; closing: ''—never use straight " quotes - Hyphen -, en-dash -- (ranges: 1--10), em-dash --- (punctuation) - Minus in math mode: $-1$ not -1 in text ## Math Mode - Inline: $...$ or \(...\); display: \[...\] or equation environment - Text inside math: $E = mc^2 \text{ where } m \text{ is mass}$ - Multiline equations: align environment, not multiple equations - \left( ... \right) for auto-sizing delimiters—must be paired ## Spacing - Command followed by text needs {} or \ : \LaTeX{} or \LaTeX\ is - Non-breaking space: ~ between number and unit: 5~km - Force space in math: \, thin, \: medium, \; thick, \quad \qquad ## Packages - \usepackage order matters—hyperref almost always last - inputenc + fontenc for UTF-8: \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} - graphicx for images, booktabs for professional tables, amsmath for advanced math - microtype for better typography—load early, subtle but significant improvement ## Floats (Figures & Tables) - [htbp] suggests placement: here, top, bottom, page—not commands - LaTeX may move floats far from source—use [H] from float package to force - Always use \centering inside float, not center environment - Caption before \label—label references the last numbered element ## References - Compile twice to resolve \ref and \pageref—first pass collects, second uses - \label immediately after \caption or inside environment being labeled - For bibliography: latex → bibtex → latex → latex (4 passes) - hyperref makes refs clickable—but can break with some packages ## Tables - tabular for inline, table float for numbered with caption - Use booktabs: \toprule, \midrule, \bottomrule—no vertical lines - @{} removes padding: \begin{tabular}{@{}lll@{}} - Multicolumn: \multicolumn{2}{c}{Header}; multirow needs multirow package ## Images - Path relative to main file or set with \graphicspath{{./images/}} - Prefer PDF/EPS for pdflatex/latex; PNG/JPG for photos - \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{file}—no extension often better ## Common Errors - Overfull hbox: line too long—rephrase, add \- hyphenation hints, or allow \sloppy - Missing $: math command used in text mode - Undefined control sequence: typo or missing package - \include adds page break, \input doesn't—use \input for fragments ## Document Structure - Preamble before \begin{document}—all \usepackage and settings - \maketitle after \begin{document} if using \title, \author, \date - article for short docs, report for chapters without parts, book` for full books