What-if Scenario Planning (WISA)
When to Use
Use this skill when:
- - A project plan needs risk simulation before execution
- The user asks “what if this changes?” in a project context
- There is uncertainty in schedule, cost, or resources
- The user is working in Excel, MS Project, or similar tools
Core Objective
Simulate alternate project scenarios by modifying key variables (duration, resources, cost) and evaluate their impact on:
- - Project timeline
- Critical path
- Total cost
- Resource utilization
Execution Steps
Step 1: Establish Baseline Plan
Ensure a complete baseline exists:
- - Tasks with durations
- Dependencies (network/PERT)
- Resources assigned
- Cost estimates
If missing → ask user to define baseline first.
Step 2: Identify Variables
Extract or ask for uncertain variables:
- - Resource availability
- Task duration variability
- Budget constraints
- External risks (delays, logistics, approvals)
Focus only on high-impact variables (max 3 per scenario).
Step 3: Define Scenario
Create a structured scenario:
Format:
- - Scenario Name:
- Variable Change:
- Duration/Impact Change:
- Time Window (if applicable):
Example:
- - Resource A unavailable for 3 days starting Day 10
Step 4: Modify Project Model
If Excel:
- - Adjust input cells (duration/resource %)
- Use:
- Scenario Manager
- Data Tables
If MS Project / Primavera:
- - Duplicate baseline
- Modify:
- Task duration
- Resource allocation
- Dependencies if needed
Step 5: Simulate Impact
Recalculate project plan and capture:
- - New project duration
- Critical path changes
- Cost variation
- Delayed milestones
Step 6: Compare with Baseline
Create structured comparison:
| Metric | Baseline | Scenario |
|---|
| Duration | | |
| Cost |
| |
| Critical Path | | |
Step 7: Evaluate Acceptability
Decide:
- - Acceptable → proceed with scenario plan
- Not acceptable → propose mitigation:
- Add resources
- Re-sequence tasks
- Increase buffer
Step 8: Recommend Action
Always provide:
- - Impact summary
- Decision recommendation
- Optional mitigation strategies
Output Format
Return results in this structure:
Scenario Summary
Impact Analysis
- - Duration Change:
- Cost Impact:
- Critical Path Impact:
Recommendation
- - Decision:
- Suggested Actions:
Rules
- - Do NOT simulate without a baseline
- Limit scenarios to avoid combinatorial explosion
- Prefer clarity over complexity
- Always quantify impact (time/cost)
- If data is missing → ask user before proceeding
Notes
- - This is deterministic scenario analysis (WISA)
- For probabilistic analysis, suggest Monte Carlo simulation
- Best used during planning and scheduling phase
Validation
Before finalizing:
- - Ensure dependencies are preserved
- Check calculations consistency
- Validate assumptions with user context
- Confirm outputs are realistic (no negative durations, etc.)
技能名称:情景规划
详细描述:
假设情景规划(WISA)
使用时机
在以下情况下使用此技能:
- - 项目计划在执行前需要进行风险模拟
- 用户在项目背景下询问“如果这个变了会怎样?”
- 进度、成本或资源存在不确定性
- 用户正在使用Excel、MS Project或类似工具
核心目标
通过修改关键变量(工期、资源、成本)来模拟替代项目情景,并评估其对以下方面的影响:
执行步骤
第一步:建立基准计划
确保存在完整的基准计划:
- - 包含工期的任务
- 依赖关系(网络图/PERT)
- 已分配的资源
- 成本估算
如果缺失 → 要求用户先定义基准计划。
第二步:识别变量
提取或询问不确定的变量:
- - 资源可用性
- 任务工期变化性
- 预算限制
- 外部风险(延误、物流、审批)
仅关注高影响变量(每个情景最多3个)。
第三步:定义情景
创建结构化的情景:
格式:
- - 情景名称:
- 变量变化:
- 工期/影响变化:
- 时间窗口(如适用):
示例:
第四步:修改项目模型
如果是Excel:
- 方案管理器
- 数据表
如果是MS Project / Primavera:
- 任务工期
- 资源分配
- 依赖关系(如需)
第五步:模拟影响
重新计算项目计划并记录:
第六步:与基准计划对比
创建结构化对比:
| |
| 关键路径 | | |
第七步:评估可接受性
决策:
- - 可接受 → 按情景计划执行
- 不可接受 → 提出缓解措施:
- 增加资源
- 重新排序任务
- 增加缓冲
第八步:建议行动
始终提供:
输出格式
按以下结构返回结果:
情景总结
影响分析
建议
规则
- - 没有基准计划时不进行模拟
- 限制情景数量以避免组合爆炸
- 优先清晰而非复杂
- 始终量化影响(时间/成本)
- 如果数据缺失 → 先询问用户再继续
备注
- - 这是确定性情景分析(WISA)
- 对于概率分析,建议使用蒙特卡洛模拟
- 最适合在规划和排程阶段使用
验证
在最终确定前:
- - 确保依赖关系得到保留
- 检查计算的一致性
- 根据用户背景验证假设
- 确认输出结果合理(无负工期等)