Survival Basics: Home & Food
Four skills in one. A plumber charges $150-300 per visit. Delivery costs $15-20 per meal vs $2-4 home-cooked. Most common home repairs take $30 in tools and 30 minutes. Most weeknight meals take 15 minutes to reheat from Sunday prep. This skill covers all four domains: home repair, plumbing, meal prep, and cooking from scratch.
Sources & Verification
- - This Old House / Family Handyman — DIY repair guides reviewed by licensed tradespeople. thisoldhouse.com, familyhandyman.com — verified active March 2026
- International Plumbing Code (IPC) and Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) — model codes adopted by most US jurisdictions
- EPA WaterSense program — running toilet wastes 200 gallons/day. epa.gov/watersense
- Consumer Reports plumbing cost data, 2024 — average service call $175-350 before parts
- HUD Healthy Homes Program — free home maintenance guidance. hud.gov/programoffices/healthyhomes
- USDA FoodSafety.gov — food storage temperature guidelines, safe cooling times. foodsafety.gov — verified active March 2026
- USDA SNAP-Ed Connection — budget meal planning resources. snaped.fns.usda.gov — verified active March 2026
- USDA MyPlate budget meal planning tools. myplate.gov — verified active March 2026
- "The Complete Do-It-Yourself Manual" by Reader's Digest — comprehensive single-volume home repair reference
- "Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat" by Samin Nosrat — foundational cooking techniques
- Feeding America food bank locator: feedingamerica.org/find-your-local-foodbank
When to Use
- - User has a home repair issue and wants to DIY it
- Wants to stop paying for simple plumbing calls
- Wants to eat well on a tight budget
- Relies on takeout because there's "nothing to cook"
- Wants to learn foundational cooking techniques
- New homeowner or renter who's never fixed anything
MODULE A: HOME REPAIR
Instructions: The $30 Toolkit
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Instructions: The 15 Fixes
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MODULE B: PLUMBING DEEP DIVE
Instructions: Shut-Offs (Find These First)
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Instructions: Clogged Drains
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Instructions: Clogged Toilet
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Instructions: Running Toilet
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Instructions: Identifying Minor Leaks
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MODULE C: BUDGET MEAL PREP
Instructions: The $50/Week System
Agent action: Ask the user their budget, dietary restrictions, cooking equipment, and skill level before generating a plan.
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Instructions: Sunday Prep System
The goal is 2-3 hours of cooking that produces 5-7 days of ready-to-heat meals.
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Instructions: Daily Assembly
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MODULE D: COOK FROM SCRATCH
Instructions: Pantry Setup
Build this once, cook forever. These ingredients cover 90% of meals.
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Instructions: 10 Foundational Techniques
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Instructions: 5 Recipes Anyone Can Make
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If This Fails
Home Repair:
- - Call 211 or search "free home repair assistance [your county]" — many communities have volunteer repair programs (Habitat for Humanity Repair Corps, Rebuilding Together)
- YouTube is the best repair teacher. Search your exact model number + problem.
- For renters: document issues in writing — landlords are legally responsible for habitability repairs
Plumbing:
- - Drain still clogged after all methods: a plumber's motorized snake clears blockages 50+ feet into the line. Cost: $150-250
- Apartment buildings: for any shared-stack issue, call building management immediately
- No money for a plumber: Community Action Agencies have emergency home repair funds — search "community action agency" plus your county at communityactionpartnership.com
Cooking:
- - If food is going bad before you eat it: prep less variety, bigger batches
- If you have no cooking equipment: a microwave and single pot can execute this entire system
- If food insecurity is the barrier: find food banks at feedingamerica.org/find-your-local-foodbank — verified active March 2026
Rules
- - Always mention safety: turn off water before plumbing work, turn off breaker before electrical
- Gas lines, main electrical panels, structural work: always call a professional
- Food safety: never skip safe cooling guidance — foodborne illness from improper cooling is a real risk
- Always ask about dietary restrictions before generating meal plans
- Renting vs owning matters: renters should notify landlord for major issues
Tips
Home Repair:
- - "Righty tighty, lefty loosey" — the universal rule for screws, bolts, and most fittings
- Take photos before you take anything apart
- Hardware store employees are usually the most helpful people on earth
Plumbing:
- - The most common DIY mistake is overtightening. Plastic fittings crack if over-torqued. Hand-tight plus 1/4 turn is the standard.
- A running toilet fix pays for itself in 3-5 days on most water bills.
Cooking:
- - The difference between bad and good food is salt at every stage and acid (lemon, vinegar) at the end
- Cold rice makes the best fried rice. Day-old rice from the fridge is ideal.
- Cabbage is the most underrated budget vegetable: cheap, lasts 2+ weeks, absorbs any sauce
Agent State
Persist across sessions:
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生存基础:居家与饮食
四项技能合为一体。水管工每次上门收费150-300美元。外卖每餐15-20美元,而家常烹饪只需2-4美元。最常见的家庭维修仅需30美元工具和30分钟时间。大多数工作日晚餐只需15分钟加热周日准备好的食物。这项技能涵盖四个领域:家庭维修、管道维修、备餐和从零开始烹饪。
来源与验证
- - 《老房子》/《家庭巧手》——由持证工匠审核的DIY维修指南。thisoldhouse.com, familyhandyman.com——已验证,2026年3月仍活跃
- 《国际管道规范》(IPC)和《统一管道规范》(UPC)——美国大多数司法管辖区采用的示范规范
- EPA WaterSense计划——马桶漏水每天浪费200加仑。epa.gov/watersense
- 《消费者报告》管道维修费用数据,2024年——不含零件,平均上门服务费175-350美元
- HUD健康住宅计划——免费房屋维护指南。hud.gov/programoffices/healthyhomes
- USDA FoodSafety.gov——食品储存温度指南、安全冷却时间。foodsafety.gov——已验证,2026年3月仍活跃
- USDA SNAP-Ed Connection——预算膳食规划资源。snaped.fns.usda.gov——已验证,2026年3月仍活跃
- USDA MyPlate预算膳食规划工具。myplate.gov——已验证,2026年3月仍活跃
- 《读者文摘》的《完全DIY手册》——全面的单卷家庭维修参考书
- 萨明·诺斯拉特的《盐、脂肪、酸、热》——基础烹饪技巧
- 美国消除饥饿组织食物银行定位器:feedingamerica.org/find-your-local-foodbank
使用时机
- - 用户遇到家庭维修问题并想自己动手
- 用户想停止为简单的管道维修付费
- 用户想在预算紧张的情况下吃得好
- 用户依赖外卖,因为觉得没什么可做的
- 用户想学习基础烹饪技巧
- 新房主或租客,从未修理过任何东西
模块A:家庭维修
说明:30美元工具包
你需要的最基本工具:
- - 活动扳手(8美元)——适用于任何螺母或螺栓
- 十字螺丝刀 + 一字螺丝刀(共5美元)
- 钳子(6美元)
- 马桶搋子(8美元)——要买带法兰的,不是平杯的那种
- 一卷水管工胶带/特氟龙胶带(2美元)
- 一卷强力胶带(3美元)
总计:约30美元
以后值得拥有的:
- - 充电式电钻(40-60美元)——最实用的电动工具
- 卷尺
- 水平仪
- 墙骨探测器(15美元)
- 美工刀
说明:15种维修方法
管道维修(每次节省150-400美元):
- 1. 疏通排水管(节省150-250美元)
-> 先往排水管倒入沸水
-> 如果不行:1/2杯小苏打 + 1/2杯醋,等待30分钟,用热水冲洗
-> 如果还不行:使用马桶搋子(先用湿布盖住溢水孔)
-> 如果仍然不行:拆下水槽下的P型存水弯(下面放桶,拧开两个活接头螺母,清理干净,装回去)
-> 切勿使用化学排水管清洁剂——它们会损坏管道
- 2. 修理漏水的马桶(节省150-300美元)
-> 打开水箱盖,查看内部
-> 如果水箱底部的橡胶塞(橡胶件)变形或老化:更换它(五金店5美元,直接拔下,新的卡上即可)
-> 如果浮球太高:向下调整浮球臂,使水位停在溢流管下方1英寸处
-> 这两种方法能解决90%的马桶漏水问题
- 3. 修理漏水的水龙头(节省150-250美元)
-> 关闭供水(水槽下方的阀门,顺时针旋转)
-> 大多数漏水 = 垫圈或O型圈磨损
-> 搜索[你的水龙头品牌] [你的水龙头型号] 垫圈更换
-> 零件费用5-10美元
墙面和表面(节省100-300美元):
- 4. 修补石膏板上的洞(节省100-200美元)
-> 小洞(钉子/螺丝):用填缝膏填充,晾干,打磨平整,刷漆
-> 中等大小的洞(拳头大小):购买石膏板修补套件(8美元),贴上网格补片,涂抹接缝化合物,晾干,打磨,刷漆
- 5. 修理吱吱响的门(省去一次上门服务费)
-> 拆下铰链销(用螺丝刀从底部向上敲)
-> 在销子上涂抹凡士林或WD-40。装回销子。完成。
- 6. 修理卡住的门
-> 找到卡住的位置(查看门边缘有光泽或磨损的地方)
-> 用中号砂纸打磨该处
-> 如果整扇门下垂:拧紧顶部铰链的螺丝
电气——仅限安全操作(节省200-400美元):
- 7. 更换电灯开关或插座(节省200美元)
-> 首先关闭该电路的断路器
-> 在断开连接前,拍下每根电线的连接位置
-> 注意:如果看到铝线(银色),立即停止并请专业人士处理
- 8. 修复跳闸的断路器(省去一次上门服务费)
-> 找到你的配电盘;寻找处于中间位置的断路器
-> 将其完全推到关,然后再推回开
-> 如果再次跳闸:拔掉该电路上的所有电器,再试一次
-> 如果仍然跳闸:请电工处理(电路过载或短路)
其他所有情况:
- 9. 拧紧松动的把手/旋钮
-> 在底座上寻找定位螺丝(侧面或底部的小螺丝)
-> 拧紧它。
- 10. 修理卡住的窗户(节省100-200美元)
-> 用美工刀沿着边缘划开油漆密封层
-> 在轨道上喷洒硅酮润滑剂
-> 用橡胶锤或手掌轻轻敲击窗框
- 11. 阻止窗户/门漏风(每年节省50-200美元)
-> 购买自粘式挡风条(5-10美元)
-> 清洁表面,沿着缝隙贴上挡风条
- 12. 重新密封浴缸/淋浴区(节省150-250美元)
-> 用美工刀去除旧密封胶
-> 用外用酒精清洁缝隙
-> 涂抹新的硅酮密封胶。用湿手指抹平。固化24小时。
- 13. 修理食物垃圾处理器(节省150-200美元)
-> 如果它嗡嗡响但不转:查看底部是否有六角孔,插入六角扳手,来回转动以解除卡住状态
-> 如果它完全没反应:按下底部的重置按钮
-> 切勿将手伸入处理器内
- 14. 疏通淋浴喷头
-> 在白醋中浸泡过夜
-> 用旧牙刷清洁喷孔
-> 在螺纹上缠上新的特氟龙胶带后重新安装
- 15. 在墙上挂重物
-> 找到墙骨(敲墙——空洞声=没有墙骨,实心声=有墙骨)
-> 钻入墙骨(轻松承重50磅以上)
-> 没有墙骨:使用蝶形螺栓(5美元),挂重物时不要使用塑料膨胀管
模块B:管道维修深入指南
说明:截止阀(先找到这些)
截止阀——在需要之前先找到它们:
设备截止阀:
- 马桶:马桶后面墙上的椭圆形阀门,靠近地板。
顺时针旋转关闭。
- 水槽下方:橱柜下方有两个阀门(热水和冷水)。
顺时针旋转关闭。
- 现在就测试它们——长期不用可能会卡死。
主水截止阀:
独栋房屋:靠近水表(房屋前部)或在地下室/设备间。
公寓:设备间或共用设备间——询问大楼管理员。
顺时针旋转(室外水表需使用水表钥匙)。
燃气——请勿触碰:
燃气管道不包含在本技能范围内。如果闻到燃气味,
立即离开并拨打911或燃气公司紧急电话。
说明:排水管堵塞
诊断:
[ ] 单个设备堵塞:堵塞在该设备的存水弯或排水管中
[ ] 多个设备排水缓慢:主排水管堵塞(需要管道疏通机)
[ ] 食物垃圾处理器后的厨房水槽:处理器或存水弯中有油脂或食物残渣
方法1——小苏打+醋(无化学剂):
- 1. 将1/2杯小苏打直接倒入排水管
- 接着倒入1杯白醋
- 盖住排水口(迫使反应进入堵塞物)
- 等待15-20分钟。用热水冲洗。
为什么不用Drano:会损坏管道